As the war between Russia and Ukraine continues, Saudi Arabia has emerged as an unexpected but important player in international diplomacy. With the conflict now into its fourth year, the kingdom has positioned itself as a neutral mediator, working to bring both sides together for peace talks. This shift highlights Saudi Arabia’s growing influence, not just in the Middle East but also on the global stage.
Key Peace Talks in Riyadh
On Monday, Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman will host Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Riyadh. This meeting will be the first high-level US-Ukraine talks since a recent heated exchange between President Zelenskyy and former US President Donald Trump. The discussions are focused on creating a peace framework to end the ongoing war. This event underscores Saudi Arabia’s new role as a trusted intermediary between Russia, Ukraine, and Western powers.
Saudi Arabia’s ability to act as a neutral party in such a complex conflict speaks volumes about its diplomatic positioning. Although not traditionally known for involvement in global diplomacy, the kingdom is quickly becoming a key player in facilitating international negotiations.
Oil Diplomacy: Saudi Arabia’s Powerful Tool
One of the key reasons behind Saudi Arabia’s growing diplomatic role is its vast oil resources. As one of the world’s largest oil producers, alongside the US and Russia, Saudi Arabia has long wielded significant influence over global energy markets. The country has used its position to help shape policies and global relations.
Recently, Saudi Arabia led an agreement within OPEC+ to increase oil production, set to begin in April 2025. This move, aimed at lowering oil prices, aligns with US requests to ease the economic pressures caused by high energy costs. Former US President Trump has stated that reducing oil prices could help end the war in Ukraine. Saudi Arabia’s position in OPEC+ shows its ability to influence global oil policy, while also working in concert with Russia and other key members of the group.
Despite potential challenges, Saudi Arabia is using its oil power as a diplomatic tool, further cementing its influence in international negotiations.
Military Investments Enhance Regional Power
In addition to its control over global energy markets, Saudi Arabia has made substantial investments in its military. Over the years, the kingdom has faced regional security threats, particularly from Iran. In response, Saudi Arabia has bolstered its defense capabilities, helping to secure its position as a dominant force in the Middle East.
Saudi Arabia is now one of the top global military spenders, with plans to increase its defense budget to €75 billion in 2024. This is a €3 billion increase from the previous year, reflecting the kingdom’s commitment to maintaining its military power. Saudi Arabia’s rising military strength, combined with its oil wealth, has placed it in a powerful position to influence both regional and global politics.
Strategic Relationships and Diplomatic Balance
Saudi Arabia’s success in global diplomacy is also rooted in its ability to balance relationships with various international actors. The kingdom maintains strong ties with the United States, while also deepening its involvement in organizations like BRICS and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). This diplomatic flexibility allows Saudi Arabia to act as a bridge between different countries and international blocs.
For example, Saudi Arabia has played a pivotal role in hosting talks between US and Russian officials. Its ability to maintain relations with both sides of the conflict allows it to serve as a neutral ground for crucial peace discussions. Hosting such high-level talks brings significant diplomatic recognition, and Saudi Arabia is increasingly seen as a trusted mediator on the world stage.
The Future of Saudi Arabia’s Diplomatic Influence
Looking ahead, Saudi Arabia’s influence in global diplomacy is only set to grow. The kingdom’s ability to play a leading role in both energy markets and military power allows it to shape key global events. As the war in Ukraine continues, Saudi Arabia’s role as a mediator could be crucial in bringing about an end to the conflict.
By continuing to balance its relationships, invest in its military, and utilize oil diplomacy, Saudi Arabia is asserting itself as a key player in the global arena. As the kingdom’s diplomatic reach expands, it is likely to play an even more prominent role in future international negotiations.
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