Kaja Kallas, the EU’s top diplomat, called for increased defence spending to prepare for potential Russian threats.
Current Spending and Challenges
In 2024, EU member states spent an average of 1.9% of GDP on defence, compared to Russia’s 9%. Kallas highlighted Russia’s ability to produce more weapons in three months than the EU can in a year.
The EU requires at least €500 billion over the next decade to remain competitive in defence. Only €13 billion is allocated for defence and security in the 2021-2027 budget.
Kallas argued that the EU’s 1% GDP spending on policy priorities is insufficient and urged member states and the private sector to invest more.
Calls for Collective Action
Lithuania announced plans to raise defence spending to 5-6% of GDP by 2026, while countries like Italy and Spain still fall short of NATO’s 2% target.
“We need 27 capable armies that work together to deter rivals and defend Europe,” Kallas said, rejecting the need for a unified European army.
France’s President Emmanuel Macron echoed these sentiments, urging Europe to reduce reliance on the US. “What happens if the US shifts its focus to the Pacific?” he asked.
Sacrifices for Security
Kallas and NATO officials emphasized that increased defence spending might require sacrifices, including cuts to pensions and social systems.
The NATO secretary general warned that threats are advancing quickly, saying, “We are not at war, but certainly not at peace either.”
Andrius Kubilius, European Commissioner for Defence and Space, called for a unified approach to defence. “Fragmentation is no longer an option,” he said.
Investing in Europe’s Future
Kubilius emphasized the importance of interoperable weapon systems and collaborative projects like the air and cyber defence shields.
“The EU must take responsibility for its security and reduce dependence on the US,” Kallas concluded.