A new strain of mpox, called clade Ib, has been found in several European countries. Switzerland recently reported its first case. The patient had just returned from Uganda, where the virus is spreading quickly. This strain, first seen in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in 2023, is concerning. Experts believe it causes more severe illness and spreads more easily, especially in children.
In August 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global health emergency. This came as the outbreak spread across Africa, including Uganda and Burundi. European health authorities are watching the situation closely. However, they say the risk to the public remains low.
What Is Clade Ib and Why Is It More Dangerous?
Clade Ib is a part of the more severe clade I strain. Clade I is responsible for most mpox cases in Africa. Health experts are worried that clade Ib could spread faster. Early reports show it causes worse symptoms, like high fever and large, painful rashes. It appears to be especially dangerous for young children and other vulnerable people.
Though most cases have been in Central Africa, the virus is now spreading in Europe. European health officials are working hard to stop the spread. They reassure the public that the risk is still manageable.
Which European Countries Have Reported Cases?
Several countries in Europe have reported cases of clade Ib mpox. Below are the affected countries:
Switzerland: First Case in August 2024
Switzerland has reported its first case of clade Ib mpox. The patient had traveled to Uganda and tested positive after returning. Swiss health authorities moved quickly. The patient is isolated, and there is no known risk to the public. The situation is being closely monitored, especially as Uganda faces a growing outbreak.
United Kingdom: Limited Local Transmission Detected
The United Kingdom has reported 11 cases of clade Ib mpox. Most of these were linked to travel, but one case in April 2024 had no travel history. This suggests a small amount of local spread. In response, the UK government bought over 150,000 doses of the mpox vaccine. Vaccination sites have been set up across England. Health officials advise people to stay alert, especially after traveling to affected areas.
Germany: Eight Cases, Mostly Linked to Travel
Germany has confirmed eight cases of clade Ib mpox. The first case was reported in October 2024. In December, a traveler infected family members, including children. However, the outbreak did not spread beyond their home. Germany’s health officials are keeping an eye on the situation and providing guidance to prevent further spread.
Belgium: Five Cases, Including Child Infections
Belgium has reported five cases of the new strain. The first cases appeared in December 2024. One was a traveler, and the other was a child. Additional cases were reported in January and February 2025. Belgian authorities are monitoring these cases carefully. They stress the importance of early detection and isolation to prevent the virus from spreading.
France: Two Cases Confirmed
France has confirmed two cases of clade Ib mpox. The first case was reported in January 2024. A person in Brittany had close contact with two travelers from Central Africa. A second case followed in February 2024. French health authorities are watching the situation closely and urging the public to take care, especially when traveling to regions with known outbreaks.
Sweden: First European Case in August 2024
Sweden was the first country in Europe to detect clade Ib mpox in August 2024. The patient had contracted the virus while traveling abroad. After returning to Sweden, the patient sought treatment in Stockholm. Swedish health officials are taking steps to limit the spread. They have warned travelers to be cautious in countries with active outbreaks.
What Is the Current Risk to the Public?
In Europe, most cases of clade Ib mpox are linked to travel. No large outbreaks have been reported so far. However, health authorities remain cautious due to the strain’s ability to spread more easily. The virus can spread quickly in places with close contact, like homes. While experts believe the risk of a major outbreak is low, they expect some sporadic cases from travel or local transmission.
Health authorities across Europe continue to monitor the situation. Vaccination and early detection are key to controlling the virus’s spread. Several countries, including the UK, have started vaccination programs to protect their populations.
How to Protect Yourself
If you have recently traveled to countries where clade Ib mpox is common, like Uganda, stay alert for symptoms. These include fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes, and muscle aches. If you notice any of these symptoms, seek medical help right away.
Health officials also recommend that anyone feeling unwell after traveling should avoid close contact with others to stop the virus from spreading. Vaccination is still the most effective preventive measure. People who are eligible for the vaccine should get it.
Staying Vigilant
Although the risk of clade Ib mpox in Europe remains low, staying vigilant is essential. The virus’s potential to cause more severe illness and spread quickly means health officials are taking extra precautions. Authorities urge the public to stay informed and follow health guidelines to help prevent further cases.