Amnesty International has accused Serbian police and intelligence agencies of using advanced hacking tools to monitor journalists and activists illegally. The organization claims these authorities used Cellebrite forensic software and a locally developed spyware called “NoviSpy” to access private data. These actions have raised serious concerns about privacy violations and press freedom in Serbia.
How Cellebrite and NoviSpy Were Used for Surveillance
Serbian authorities allegedly used Cellebrite, a tool often employed by law enforcement to unlock and extract data from digital devices, beyond legal boundaries. Amnesty claims they applied it during detentions to retrieve personal information without proper authorization.
In addition, NoviSpy, a spyware developed within Serbia, was reportedly installed on activists’ and journalists’ devices. This spyware could steal contact lists, take screenshots, and transmit the information to servers controlled by the government.
For example, investigative journalist Slaviša Milanov noticed unusual activity on his phone after police stopped him in February. Amnesty’s findings revealed that authorities used Cellebrite to unlock his phone and installed NoviSpy to track his communications. The investigation suggests that Serbian officials gained access to sensitive personal data, significantly endangering Milanov’s privacy.
Amnesty International emphasizes that these practices represent a systematic attempt to control dissent and monitor civil society. The organization has urged tighter regulations to prevent the misuse of surveillance technologies.
Political Tensions and Surveillance Allegations
These accusations come during a time of political unrest in Serbia. Recent protests erupted after a deadly infrastructure collapse in November, which killed 15 people and intensified public dissatisfaction with the government.
President Aleksandar Vučić has accused foreign intelligence agencies, NGOs, and the media of orchestrating the demonstrations. He described their actions as “hybrid warfare” aimed at undermining his administration.
The Serbian intelligence agency (BIA) rejected Amnesty’s claims, stating that its operations adhere to legal frameworks. However, it declined to provide further details. Meanwhile, Serbian police have avoided commenting on the matter altogether.
Implications for Serbia’s Future and Global Relations
Amnesty’s report highlights how digital surveillance could undermine democracy and human rights in Serbia. These findings could also impact Serbia’s bid to join the European Union, where adherence to democratic norms and civil liberties is a key requirement.
Additionally, Serbia’s cooperation with Russia and China, particularly in technology and intelligence, has raised international concerns. Observers warn that such partnerships may complicate Serbia’s relationships with Western allies and the EU.
Amnesty International has called on Serbia to implement stricter oversight of surveillance tools and ensure these technologies comply with human rights standards. The organization has also urged global technology firms to prevent their tools from being used for unlawful purposes.
The Need for Global Accountability in Surveillance
The allegations against Serbian authorities underline the risks posed by unregulated surveillance technologies. Protecting journalists and activists from unwarranted monitoring is essential for maintaining freedom of expression and accountability.
As the world grapples with the balance between security and privacy, Serbia’s case serves as a reminder of the potential dangers of unchecked digital surveillance. Ensuring transparency and legal compliance in law enforcement practices is crucial for safeguarding civil liberties.
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